![]() Based on the change in the understanding of the types, symptoms, and signs of dry eye disease, the Asia Dry Eye Society agreed to the following definition of dry eye: "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage." The definition stresses instability of the tear film as well as the importance of visual impairment, highlighting an essential role for TFBUT assessment. An unstable tear film also affects the visual function, possibly due to the increase of higher order aberrations. 16 Eye Institute of Xiamen University, China.įor the last 20 years, a great amount of evidence has accumulated through epidemiological studies that most of the dry eye disease encountered in daily life, especially in video display terminal (VDT) workers, involves short tear film breakup time (TFBUT) type dry eye, a category characterized by severe symptoms but minimal clinical signs other than short TFBUT.15 Peking University People's Hospital, China.14 Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.13 The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.12 Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, China.11 Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Korea.10 Chonnam National University Hospital, Korea.9 Seoul National University, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea.8 Ulsan University Asan Medical Center, Korea.7 Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea.6 Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.5 Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Japan.4 Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan.3 Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Japan.Electronic address: 2 Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 1 Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.We should not seek vengeance or seek to repay someone in the same way or magnitude they harmed us (Romans 12:21). ![]() Governments, if they want to administer fair and just punishment, should also follow God's laws. God will repay those who do wrong using the same principle of fairness expressed in his law (Matthew 7:2, Luke 6:38, Colossians 3:25, etc.). The ultimate Biblical meaning of 'eye for eye' is clear. If possible, as much as is your part, be at peace with all men.īeloved, do not avenge yourselves rather, leave this to God’s wrath for it is written, "'Vengeance is Mine! I will recompense,' says the Lord." (Romans 12:17 - 19). He also repeated Christ's words that we should not avenge ourselves.ĭo not render to anyone evil for evil, but be prepared to do what is right in the sight of all men. Paul states, in his letter to the Christians in Rome, that authorities have the right and responsibility to retaliate against evil (Romans 13:1, 3 - 4). Was he teaching that the government of a nation had no right to punish evil? The Apostle Paul did not think so. Some people wonder about Jesus' meaning, in his well-known Sermon on the Mount, he stated, "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.' But now I tell you: do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. God's law delineates principles of fairness and a limitation of punishment that should be used by nations to govern their people. It is the responsibility of the governing authorities, not individual citizens, to carry out penalties for criminal offenses. The Bible prohibits people from taking an "eye" as personal vengeance upon another human (Psalm 94:1, Romans 12:19). Can you imagine the chaos in society that would occur if we allowed people to carry out such penalties based on their own will? Verse 16 of Exodus 21 states that whoever kidnaps a person should also be killed. These and other verses delineate a principle on how the nation of Israel (or any government) should administer justice for its people as a whole.įor example, also in Exodus 21, it states, "Whoever hits his father or his mother is to be put to death" (Exodus 21:15). In context, the meaning of the above verse is that justice should not be meted out by individuals based solely on their own authority. If she not only loses her unborn child, but is also injured, then the "eye for eye" principal of justice is stated.Īnd if any injury occurs, then you shall give life for life, Eye for eye, tooth for tooth. If a pregnant woman accidently lost her unborn baby due to men fighting, but she herself was unharmed, the men would be liable to pay her an amount determined by the husband and the nation's judges.
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